Automotive drivetrain components are the parts responsible for transmitting power from the engine to the wheels, enabling movement. They typically include the engine, transmission, driveshaft, differential, and axles. The engine generates power, which is then transferred to the transmission, where it is converted into different gear ratios to match driving conditions. The driveshaft carries this power to the differential, which distributes it to the wheels through the axles, allowing the vehicle to move forward or backward.